C Programming Fundamentals

What is Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a given problem.

What are the features of an algorithm?

Input, Output, Finiteness, Definiteness, Effectiveness

What are the basic operations of an algorithm?

Sequence, Selection, Iteration

What is Flowchart?

Diagrammatic representation of an Algorithm.

What is a Translator?

A program used to convert one code to another code.

What is a compiler?

A program used to convert high-level code to machine code.

What is an Interpreter?

A program used to convert low-level code to machine code.

What is the main difference between Compiler and Interpreter?

Compiler will execute complete program at a time, while an interpreter execute a single line at a time 

What is Program?

A Program is a collection of statements or instructions which are used to perform a task.

What is a Language?

A Language is a system for communication.

OR 

A meaningful terminology

What is Programming Language?

A set of instructions that are executed in a computer through a language is called a Programming Language

What are the different types of Programming Languages?

Machine, Assembly, high-level

What is a Binary Number?

A number contains 0's and 1's.

Who developed C?

C language was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs in 1972.

List out C Features/ characteristics/ Buzzwords?

Simple, Structured, middle-level, Portable, Machine Dependent, Operating System Native.

What are the various sections in the structure of a C program?

Documentation Section

Link Section

Definition Section

Global Declaration section

Main Function Section

Sub-function section

How do you make comments in C program?

/* text */

What are the different files created when we complete the execute a C program?

Example.c  (Source C code)

Example.obj (Object code)

Example.exe (Executable object code)

Example.bak (Backup)

What is the name of C character set?

ASCII

What are there in a C character set?

Alphabets, Digits, Special Symbols and White Spaces

What is Token?

Smallest Individual Unit in a Program.

What are the different types of Tokens in C?

Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Strings, Special Symbols, Operators

What is a Keyword?

It is a predefined word by the compiler.

What is an Identifier?

Any user-defined name in a program.

What is a Variable?

Variable is a name used to store value.

What are the basic datatypes in C?

int, char, float, double

What is a Constant?

Constant is a fixed value that do not change during execution.

What is a String?

A string is a sequence of characters.

What is an Operator?

An operator is a symbol which is used to perform arithmetic and logical calculations.

ABBREVIATIONS:

AT & T - American Telephonic & Telegraphic

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange

CPL - Combined Programming Language

BCPL - Basic Combined Programming Language

BASIC - Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code